Edge-Triggered Bi-Phase Modulation for the Generation and Modulation of UWB Pulses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme called edge-triggered bi-phase modulation for the generation and modulation of ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses in the optical domain. The proposed system consists of a laser diode, a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), and a photodetector. An input data sequence with either return-to-zero or nonreturn-to-zero format is sent to the MZM via its radio-frequency port. The MZM is biased at the quadrature point; for an input pulse having a pulse amplitude equal to the two times the half-wave voltage of the MZM, a pair of UWB mono- cycles is generated with opposite polarities corresponding to the rising and falling edges of the input pulse. A proof-of-concept experiment is performed. A UWB monocycle sequence is generated when a square-wave with a frequency of 680 MHz is applied to the MZM. The generated UWB pulse has a 10-dB bandwidth of 5 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 165%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".