NORTHERN HAWK OWLS AND RECENT BURNS: DOES BURN AGE MATTER?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Northern Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula) remains one of the least-studied birds in North America. Although hawk owls use burned forest, reports of this association have been primarily anecdotal and outside the breeding season. We present the first comparison of hawk owl relative abundance between burned and unburned conifer-dominated boreal forest in North America. Hawk owls were detected only in postfire forest and were not detected in nearby unburned coniferous forest. There was a significant negative exponential relationship between hawk owl abundance and burn age, suggesting that burns were only suitable up to 8 years post- fire. A conservative estimate of a peak in breeding density was three nests per 100 km2 for a 2-year-postfire forest. Wildfire and newly burned forests may be an important feature for hawk owls in the Nearctic boreal forest. This raises the question whether management of this species through improved forestry techniques is a sufficient conservation measure. Surnia ulula y Fuegos Recientes: ¿Es la Edad de la Quema Importante? Resumen. El búho Surnia ulula es una de las aves de Norte América que ha sido menos estudiada. Aunque estos búhos utilizan bosques quemados, los reportes de esta asociación han sido principalmente anecdóticos y han tenido lugar fuera de la época reproductiva. En este estudio presentamos la primera comparación de la abundancia relativa de S. ulula entre ambientes quemados y no quemados en bosques boreales de Norte América dominados por coníferas. Los búhos fueron detectados únicamente en bosques quemados y no se encontraron en bosques de coníferas cercanos que no habían sido quemados. Existió una relación exponencial negativa significativa entre la abundancia de S. ulula y la edad de las quemas, lo que sugiere que los bosques quemados sólo fueron adecuados para la especie hasta ocho años después del fuego. Una estimación conservadora del pico en la densidad reproductiva fue de tres nidos por 100 km2 para un bosque luego de dos años de ser quemado. Los fuegos naturales y los bosques recientemente quemados podrían ser importantes para S. ulula en los bosques boreales Neárticos. Esto lleva a considerar si el manejo de esta especie a través de técnicas forestales mejoradas es una medida de conservación suficiente.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".