Adequate oral threonine is critical for mucin production and gut function in neonatal piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In previous experiments, we found that the threonine requirement of neonatal piglets fed parenterally was 40% of that when fed intragastrically; we hypothesized that much of the oral supply of threonine is being used for mucin production. To investigate this hypothesis, intragastrically fed 2-day-old piglets were fed one of three treatments for 8 days: 1) a threonine-adequate diet (IG-A; 0.6 g threonine.kg(-1).day(-1) fed intragastrically); 2) a threonine-deficient diet (IG-D; 0.1 g threonine.kg(-1).day(-1) fed intragastrically); or 3) a threonine-deficient diet with adequate threonine delivered parenterally (IV-A; 0.5 g threonine.kg(-1).day(-1) fed parenterally plus 0.1 g threonine.kg(-1).day(-1) fed intragastrically). IG-D piglets experienced higher nitrogen excretion, higher plasma urea, and lower plasma threonine concentrations versus both of the other groups (P < 0.05), indicating profound threonine deficiency. Mucosal mass and total crude mucin content were lower in the colons of IG-D pigs (P < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed lower numbers of acidic mucin-producing goblet cells in the duodenum and ileum of IG-D pigs. In IG-D pigs, acidic mucin subtypes were lower in the small intestine but higher in the colon, which corresponded with persistent diarrhea. The parenteral supply of threonine was adequate to maintain most outcome parameters, although IV-A pigs did have smaller colonic goblet cells with more acidic mucins compared with IG-A pigs. Overall, our results suggest that adequate dietary threonine was critical in the production of mucus and that a parenteral threonine supply can ameliorate most of the symptoms of oral threonine deficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".