Transport of forest fire emissions from Alaska and the Yukon Territory to Nova Scotia during summer 2004
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emissions from forest fires in Alaska and the Yukon Territory were observed at Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia (43.7°N, 66.1°W), between 11 and 13 July 2004. Smoke aerosols were first detected in the free troposphere by a Raman lidar and extended up to 8 km altitude. The plume was not evident at the surface until the second day, when increases in CO, acetonitrile (CH3CN), benzene, and aerosol mass concentrations were observed by in situ instrumentation. Enhancement ratios for each species relative to CO agreed with the range of values from other measurements of the same plume. The surface aerosols had an elevated black carbon fraction relative to both CO and organic matter, and the ratio of black to organic carbon was higher than what is typically observed in fresh smoke. The emissions were tracked back to Alaska and the Yukon Territory using aerosol optical depth measurements from the Aqua MODIS satellite instrument, and the transport was reconstructed using the GEOS‐Chem and FLEXPART atmospheric models. The analysis suggests that aerosols were injected into the atmosphere in proportion to CO and that aerosol removal processes were weak during the 7 to 9 day transit time in the free troposphere. Transport of the tracers to the ground was strongly connected to synoptic‐scale features in the surface meteorology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".