New Questions about an Old Concept: The Supreme Court of Canada's Judicial Independence Decisions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract.In the age of the Charter, courts are an important part of the policy process, and judicial independence is the concept that structures the interactions between courts and other institutions. Historically, judicial independence in Canada was modelled on (and little different from) that of England; but politically-led reforms in the 1970s, and a string of more than a dozen Supreme Court decisions centred on the 1997Remuneration Reference, are transforming the concept. At the same time, a parallel string of cases extends more limited but essentially similar guarantees to some other administrative bodies. Together, these developments represent an important and enduring change in the Canadian political landscape. Résumé.À l'ère de la Charte, les tribunaux sont un élément important de l'élaboration des politiques publiques, et l'indépendance judiciaire est le fondement des interactions entre les tribunaux et les autres institutions. Par le passé, l'indépendance judiciaire au Canada épousait le modèle britannique (et s'en éloignait assez peu); cependant, des réformes politiquement inspirées dans les années 1970 et une série de plus d'une douzaine de jugements de la Cour suprême centrés sur le renvoi de 1997 relatif à la rémunération sont en train de transformer ce concept. En même temps, une série de cas parallèles accorde des garanties plus limitées mais très similaires à d'autres corps administratifs. Ces changements se conjuguent pour modifier considérablement et de façon permanente le paysage politique canadien.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.064 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.024 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".