Heterologous Expression of Candida albicans Cell Wall-Associated Adhesins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals Differential Specificities in Adherence and Biofilm Formation and in Binding Oral Streptococcus gordonii
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colonization and infection of the human host by opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans derive from an ability of this fungus to colonize mucosal tissues and prosthetic devices within the polymicrobial communities present. To determine the functions of C. albicans cell wall proteins in interactions with host or bacterial molecules, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was utilized as a surrogate host to express C. albicans cell wall proteins Als3p, Eap1p, Hwp1p, and Rbt1p. Salivary pellicle and fibrinogen were identified as novel substrata for Als3p and Hwp1p, while only Als3p mediated adherence of S. cerevisiae to basement membrane collagen type IV. Parental S. cerevisiae cells failed to form biofilms on salivary pellicle, polystyrene, or silicone, but cells expressing Als3p or Hwp1p exhibited significant attachment to each surface. Virulence factor Rbt1p also conferred lower-level binding to salivary pellicle and polystyrene. S. cerevisiae cells expressing Eap1p formed robust biofilms upon polystyrene surfaces but not salivary pellicle. Proteins Als3p and Eap1p, and to a lesser degree Hwp1p, conferred upon S. cerevisiae the ability to bind cells of the oral primary colonizing bacterium Streptococcus gordonii. These interactions, which occurred independently of amyloid aggregate formation, provide the first examples of specific C. albicans surface proteins serving as receptors for bacterial adhesins. Streptococcus gordonii did not bind parental S. cerevisiae or cells expressing Rbt1p. Taken collectively, these data suggest that a network of cell wall proteins comprising Als3p, Hwp1p, and Eap1p, with complementary adhesive functions, promotes interactions of C. albicans with host and bacterial molecules, thus leading to effective colonization within polymicrobial communities.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it