Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Parvathi Mohan, MD 1. Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC 1. Gastroesophageal Reflux . Orenstein SR. In: Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease . Wyllie R, Hyams JS, eds. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders;1993:337–369 2. Disorders of Deglutition . Tuchman DN. In: Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease . Walker WA, Durie PR et al, eds. Ontario, Toronto, Canada: B C Decker Inc; 2000:277–288 3. Vocal Cord Paralysis in Infants and Children . De Jong AL, Kuppersmith RB, Sulek M, Friedman EM. Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 2000;33:131–149 4. Advances in Pediatric Airway Radiology . Wiet GJ, Long FR, Shiels WE II, Rudman DT. Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 2000;33:15–28 Safe swallowing of solid foods and liquids is the result of a complex interaction of cranial nerves and muscles of the oral cavity, pharynx, and proximal esophagus. During the voluntary oral phase, the food bolus is altered in the mouth and propelled past the pharynx where the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts meet; precise coordinating mechanisms are crucial to prevent aspiration into the respiratory passage. Normal mechanisms of safe swallow include raising of the palate, epiglottic tilt, cord closure, primary peristalsis of the esophagus, and the tone and sequential relaxation of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters. Disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system and muscles of the previously noted structures, therefore, can affect swallowing mechanisms and lead to potentially dangerous sequelae. Aspiration may be defined as the accidental entry of a foreign …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".