Pulmonary Hypertension: How the Radiologist Can Help
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as an abnormal elevation of pressure in pulmonary circulation, with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure higher than 25 mmHg, regardless of the underlying mechanism. The clinical classification system for pulmonary hypertension was updated at the fourth World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension in Dana Point, California, in 2008. In patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension, the diagnostic approach includes four stages: suspicion, detection, classification, and functional evaluation. It is crucial to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the different imaging tools available for the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Many conditions that cause pulmonary hypertension have suggestive findings at multidetector computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; some causes may be surgically treatable, whereas others may demonstrate adverse reactions to vasodilator therapies used during the course of treatment. Therefore, the radiologist plays an important role in evaluating patients with this disease. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.321105232/-/DC1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.057 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.034 | 0.041 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".