MAN1, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, binds Smad2 and Smad3 and antagonizes transforming growth factor-β signaling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MAN1 (also known as LEMD3) is an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane. Recently, mutations in MAN1 have been shown to result in osteopoikilosis, Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome and melorheostosis. We show that the nucleoplasmic, C-terminal domain of human MAN1 binds to Smad2 and Smad3 and antagonizes signaling by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). In a yeast two-hybrid screen using the C-terminal domain of MAN1 as bait, eight positive clones were obtained that encoded Smad3. In direct two-hybrid assays, this portion of MAN1 bound to Smad2 and Smad3. In glutathione-S-transferase precipitation assays, the C-terminal domain of MAN1 bound to Smad2 and Smad3 under stringent conditions. Antibodies against MAN1 were able to co-immunoprecipiate Smad2 from cells, demonstrating that they reside in the same complex in vivo. TGF-beta treatment stimulated transcription from a reporter gene in control cells, but reporter gene stimulation was significantly inhibited in cells overexpressing MAN1 or its C-terminal domain but not its N-terminal domain. TGF-beta-induced cell proliferation arrest was also inhibited in stable cell lines overexpressing MAN1. These results show that the nuclear envelope regulates a signal transduction pathway and have implications for how mutations in nuclear envelope proteins cause different human diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".