X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectra as a basis for the speciation of lead
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For this study several inorganic lead (II) compounds were measured at the Pb-L -(13035 eV), L - (15860 eV) and M - (2484 eV) edge using X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy (XANES) to determine experimentally which edge is most sensitive to the coordination environment. Each edge probes a different electronic configuration because of the selection rules and has a different resolution because of life-time broadening. Pb-L -XANES spectra are only sensitive to the first coordination shell. Pb-M -XANES spectra show a better energy resolution which is due to decreased lifetime broadening, but the pure lead spectra are also sensitive only to the first coordination shell. Spectra at the Pb-L -edge show the highest sensitivity: differences in coordination out to the third shell could be distinguished. Therefore, even though Pb-L - and M -edges have some advantages, because of physical conditions compared to the L -edge, these advantages do not result in increased sensitivity. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd. 3 1 5 1 5 3 1 5 3
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".