Incidence of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae), along interstate highways in Tennessee
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense, is a noxious weed in Tennessee, where it poses a significant threat to some of the state's agricultural and natural areas. Tennessee represents part of the southern edge of the distribution of Canada thistle in North America. Because highways serve as possible corridors for the spread of exotic and invasive species, the interstate highway system was monitored throughout Tennessee in 1997 and 1998 for Canada thistle. This exotic plant species was found at nine of 229 sampling sites in three of 47 Tennessee counties. Six sites were located near the state's northern border with Kentucky in Campbell County; two sites were located in Washington County in upper eastern Tennessee; and one site was located in middle Tennessee in the Western Highland Rim region in Hickman County, the westernmost occurrence of Canada thistle in the state. The occurrences of this plant species in Campbell, Hickman, and Washington Counties represent new documented county records. Each of these Canada thistle sites oc curred within the <190 day frost-free zone in Tennessee and the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6. Each Tennessee county with a previous report of Canada thistle is at least partially included in the 190 day frost-free zone or Zone 6. Since its discovery in Tennessee in 1948, Canada thistle has only spread to a new county in the state approximately every five to seven years, which may be a result of climatic factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".