Assessing anadromy of brook char (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) using scale microchemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) exist in both freshwater and anadromous forms, often in sympatry, the ecology of the latter being poorly understood. As strontium (Sr) can substitute to calcium (Ca) and as its concentration in seawater is higher than in freshwater, scale circulii laid down during seawater exposure should be enriched in Sr, allowing precise identification of residence patterns in freshwater and seawater. We attempted to document movements of anadromous brook char using wavelength-dispersive X-ray electron microscopy on individual circulii of sagittally sectioned scales. Body scales of brook char experimentally transferred between freshwater and seawater had elevated Sr/Ca ratios in regions laid down during exposure to seawater. Wild anadromous brook char body scales had consistently higher Sr/Ca ratios than river-resident form. However, in both experimental and wild brook char, Sr/Ca ratios in the scale circulii from freshwater periods showed elevated Sr/Ca ratios after seawater exposure, suggesting whole-scale Sr enrichment associated with exposure to seawater. Although whole-scale elemental composition revealed whether a fish has ever resided in a marine environment, analysis of Sr patterns at the level of individual circulii did not allow resolution of fine-scale patterns of these movements in brook char.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".