Pension coverage and retirement savings of young and prime‐aged workers in Canada, 1986–1997
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we assemble data from several household surveys to document how pension coverage of young and prime‐aged workers has evolved in Canada between the mid‐1980s and the mid‐1990s. We show that between 1986 and 1997 pension coverage has fallen significantly for men, has dropped slightly for young women, and has increased for prime‐aged women. The decline in union density and employment shifts towards low‐coverage industries explain most of the decline in pension coverage of men and young women. In contrast, most of the increase in coverage of prime‐aged women remains unexplained. While pension coverage has fallen for men and young women, their real average contributions to registered retirement savings plan (RRSPs) have increased substantially. As a result, the sum of the amounts they contributed to registered pension plans (RPPs) and RRSPs has increased markedly. JEL Classification: J26, J32 Couverture des régimes de rentes et épargnes pour la retraite des travailleurs jeunes et de ceux dans la force de l'âge au Canada (1986–1997). Dans ce mémoire, les auteurs assemblent des données de plusieurs enquêtes sur les ménages pour documenter l'évolution de la couverture des régimes de rentes des travailleurs jeunes et dans la force de l'âge entre le milieu des années 80 et le milieu des années 90. On montre que cette couverture a chuté de manière significative pour les hommes, a décliné légèrement pour les femmes, et s'est accrue pour les femmes dans la force de l'âge. La chute du taux de syndicalisation et les déplacements de l'emploi vers des secteurs où la couverture est plus faible expliquent le gros du déclin de couverture pour les hommes et les jeunes femmes. Quant à l'accroissement de la couverture pour les femmes dans la force de l'âge, il demeure inexpliqué. Alors que la couverture des deux premiers groupes a décliné, leurs contributions aux régimes enregistrés d'épargne retraite (REER) ont augmenté substantiellement. En conséquence, le total des sommes qu'ils ont contribuées aux régimes de rentes enregistrés et aux REER ont augmenté de manière importante.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".