The effect of a seed-sucking bug on seed germination of an Arctic cushion plant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seeds of Arctic plants face numerous threats prior to dispersal. The growing season varies across years in terms of degree days, and herbivory, predation, and pathogens are critical threats. In this study the results of different densities of the Arctic seed bug, Nysius groenlandicus (Heteroptera), piercing the seed coat of Silene acaulis and sucking out nutritional content were observed. In order to study the effect of Nysius groenlandicus on seed mass and germination of Silene acaulis, seeds were placed in Petri dishes with different densities of seed bugs. The herbivory affected the seed mass, leading to an average mass loss of 3.0% in fed-upon seeds compared to non-fed-upon seeds. However, the average seed mass lost seemed independent of the densities of seed bugs. A significant negative correlation between seed mass loss and number of germinations for seeds exposed to seed bugs was found. Furthermore, the germination speed of the seeds increased with increasing density of Nysius groenlandicus. The significance of this interaction is discussed, and we hypothesize that feeding might benefit the establishment of seedlings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".