Partial Characterization of Immunoglobulin C<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>Gene of Water Buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) Predicts Distinct Structural Features of C1q-Binding Site in C<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>3 Domain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Partial characterization of immunoglobulin C µ gene of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) revealed high amino acid sequence identity with C µ of cattle (94.28%) and sheep (91.71%). Four amino acid replacements (Met-301, Val-310, Asn-331, and Thr-432) in C µ 2, C µ 3, and C µ 4 of buffalo IgM are distinct, however. Unlike cattle, a codon deletion (GTG encoding valine at position 507 in cattle) and an insertion (GGC encoding glycine at position 532) occur in buffalo C µ 4. Three N-linked glycosylation (Asn-X-Thr/Ser) sites (one at position 325–327 in C µ 2; two at positions 372–374 and 394–396 in C µ 3) differentiate buffalo IgM from cattle and sheep. Similar to cattle, buffalo IgM has fewer prolines in C µ 2, which acts as hinge, which restricts Fab arm flexibility. Increased structural flexibility of the C1q-binding site in C µ 3 compensates for the rigid buffalo C µ 2 domain. Secondary structure of C1q-binding site is distinct in buffalo and cattle IgM where long alpha-helical structure is predominant that may be relevant to complement fixation function. Conserved protein motif “Thr-Cys-Thr-Val-Ala-His” provides protein signatures of C1q-binding region of ruminant species. The distinct structural features of C1q-binding site of buffalo and cattle IgM seem to be of functional significance and, therefore, useful in designing antibody based therapeutics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".