Impact of Labrador sea‐ice extent on the North Atlantic oscillation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The wintertime atmospheric response to imposed sea‐surface temperature and sea‐ice extent changes in the Labrador Sea has been investigated by means of ensemble simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model. Low temperatures and heavy ice conditions in the Labrador Sea produce a statistically significant (at 95% confidence) negative North Atlantic oscillation–Arctic oscillation (NAO–AO) response. Conversely, reduced sea‐ice extent in the Labrador Sea produces a positive NAO–AO response. The two simulations with opposite sea‐ice conditions in the Labrador Sea exhibit a maximum mean wintertime difference of 4–5 hPa in sea‐level pressure corresponding to a substantial and statistically significant change in the NAO–AO index of 0.7 standard deviations. The large‐scale response to a local perturbation of sea‐ice conditions is associated with marked changes in the transient eddies (synoptic storms). Changes in the sea‐ice cover cause changes in low‐level baroclinicity that perturb the travelling baroclinic disturbances, which then bring the signal downstream to manifest a non‐local Atlantic‐wide response. The atmospheric response suggests that the sea ice in the Labrador Sea is able to provide an important negative feedback on long‐term NAO–AO variations. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".