Machine vs humans in a cursive script reading experiment without linguistic knowledge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of a dynamic cursive script recognition approach that uses no linguistic constraints. This approach seeks to recognize in cursive script, morphologically and pragmatically coherent sequences of character hypotheses. As performance is compared with the performance of the best available cursive script recognizers-humans-in a reading experiment where linguistic knowledge is useless. The recognition method uses fuzzy-shape grammars to model the morphological characteristics of conventional letters. These models, called allographs, can be viewed as basic (a priori) knowledge for developing a multi-writer recognition system. Character hypotheses are segmented within a cursive word using a parser for these grammars. Character sequences are then constructed from these segmentation hypotheses using local adjacency constraints also modeled by fuzzy-shape grammars. Two experiments are conducted on a test database containing a handwritten cursive test 600 characters in length written by ten different writers. Results show that the system performances are highly correlated with human performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".