New Advances Reconstructing the Y Chromosome Haplotype of Napoleon the First Based on Three of his Living Descendants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the findings of the complete reconstruction of the lineage Y chromosome haplotype of the French Emperor Napoléon I. In a previous study (Lucotte et al., 2013) we reconstructed, for more than one hundred Y-STRs (Y–short tandem repeats), the Y-chromosome haplotype of Napoléon I based on data comparing STR allelic values obtained from the DNA of two of his living descendants: Charles Napoléon (C.N.) and Alexandre Colonna Walewski (A.C.W.); in the present study we compare STR allelic values of C.N. and A.C.W. to those of Mike Clovis (M.C.), a living fifth generation descendant of Lucien (one of Napoléon’s brothers). When compared between M.C., C.N. and A.C.W., STR allelic values are identical for a total of 93 STRs; that permits us to propose those values, for which the three living descendants are identical, as expected allelic values of Napoléon I’s Y-chromosome haplotype. For seven STRs, allele values are variable between M.C., C.N. and A.C.W.; we propose for three of them (DYS442, DYS454 and DYS712) expected allelic values, based on data concerning the allele distributions of these STRs in the population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".