Bibliographic record
Abstract
Melbourne's Crown Casino was constructed on a site bordering the Yarra River and underlain by problem soils of the Coode Island Silt Formation. The development needed to provide two levels of basement car park over the entire site. An innovative approach to groundwater control around the excavation was required to avoid depressurisation of adjoining soils, leading to settlements. Analysis showed a conventional bentonite cut-off wall would still allow depressurisation by lateral flow through the Coode Island Silt during the construction period. The high cost and construction difficulty of a very low permeability wall mitigated against it. An hydraulic wall was proposed in conjunction with a conventional cut-off wall. This comprised a curtain of wick drains surrounding the cut-off wall and charged with water. Control of seepage through an underlying aquifer by a cut-off wall was considered, but a more cost-effective method using recharge by wells was adopted when shown necessary. Monitoring of groundwater pressures around the site showed that the maximum change in water pressure was less than 1 m head, the design criterion. Part way through construction, recharge was initiated when monitoring of the deep aquifer showed pressure reduction attributed to vertical leakage through a basalt tongue.Key words: excavation, basements, groundwater, clays, settlement, monitoring.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".