Genetic susceptibility for type 2 diabetes mellitus among North American Aboriginals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex human disease which has become extremely prevalent among indigenous populations of Canada and the United States in recent decades. T2D is etiologically complex and refers to a group of disparate metabolic diseases, having major genetic and environmental risk factors. It is believed that a combination of genetic susceptibility and lifestyle changes among indigenous people are to blame for the recent diabetes epidemic. Hypotheses for possible thrifty genotypes and phenotypes have been proposed to explain the causes of the high incidence of T2D in North American Aboriginal populations. Non-genetic factors such as income, living conditions and crime rates also show evidence of affecting T2D risk among Aboriginal people through physiological stress mechanisms. Recent advances in genetic technology have facilitated the identification of a number of gene variants that show positive predictive and diagnostic value for T2D. One of these genes is specific to a group of Aboriginal people in Canada and its occurrence is consistent with the thrifty genotype hypothesis. Identification of susceptibility genes can provide researchers with a starting point for understanding the specific metabolic processes responsible for causing T2D in different populations. This information can be used for producing methods of therapeutic intervention in the future. In the meantime, reducing environmental risk factors for T2D through lifestyle changes remain an important means of preventing the expression of the disease phenotype in Native American and Canadian Aboriginal people. Key words: Type 2 diabetes, Aboriginals, North America, genetic and non-genetic factors
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".