Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine: Fish Oils and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Jayna Brulotte* 2. Cecilia Bukutu, PhD* 3. Sunita Vohra, MD, FRCPC, MSc* 1. *Complementary and Alternative Research and Education (CARE) Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. On behalf of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Complementary and Integrative Medicine Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential to human health and development. During the last century, intake of omega-6-rich foods (eg, plant-based oils) increased, while that of omega-3-rich foods (eg, fish and fish oils) decreased. (1)(2) The recommended ratio for dietary intake of omega-6:omega-3 ranges from 4:1 to 7.5:1. (3) The modern western diet is deficient in omega-3 fatty acids; (4) recent data suggest a 17:1 to 25:1 ratio in North America. (5)(6)(7) Evidence suggests that omega-3 deficiencies may play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, dyspraxia, developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). These conditions are increasingly prevalent in western societies, with estimated prevalence rates of more than 10% in children. (8) Such conditions share a number of features: 1) affected children often experience problems in motor or oculomotor function, language development and proficiency, social skills, and visual and auditory processing; 2) the disorders are disproportionally more prevalent among males; 3) there is substantial comorbidity among the disorders; and 4) the disorders often cluster in families. (7)(8)(9)(10) This review describes the effects of omega-3 fatty acid on the course and outcome of neurodevelopmental disorders. The most important omega-3 fatty acids for cognitive development are the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). (7) These essential fatty acids (EFAs) are synthesized in the body from alpha-linolenic acid, but because the conversion process is inefficient, (11)(12) EPA and DHA must be provided by the diet. Known to have anti-inflammatory effects, the omega-3 fatty acids inhibit platelet aggregation (13) and are critical for brain development and function. (7) ### ADHD The role of PUFAs in ADHD, a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, was hypothesized initially by …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".