Independent Association of Drug-Resistant Hypertension to Reduced Sleep Duration and Efficiency
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Experimentally induced sleep deprivation can raise blood pressure (BP) and worsen hypertension. We recently reported a significantly higher prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time in drug-resistant hypertensives compared to controlled hypertensives. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that short sleep duration is associated with resistant hypertension (RH) independently of OSA, which can itself disrupt and shorten sleep. METHODS: In a case-control study, overnight polysomnographic results of subjects with OSA and RH (n = 62) were compared to those with OSA of equal severity and either controlled hypertension (CH) (n = 49) or normotension (n = 40). RESULTS: Subjects with RH slept 33.8 min (P = 0.02) and 37.2 min (P = 0.02) less than those with CH and normotension, respectively. Consequently, sleep efficiency was reduced by 7.9% (P = 0.007) and 10.2% (P = 0.002), respectively. They also spent 9.7 min (P = 0.06) and 11.6 min (P = 0.04) less time in REM sleep compared to those with CH and normotension, respectively. Older age, greater body mass index (BMI) and greater apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were also associated with shorter sleep time (P = 0.02, P = 0.001, and P = 0.03, respectively) and reduced sleep efficiency (P = 0.0003, P = 0.03, and P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that, compared to subjects with CH or normotension, those with RH have shorter total and REM sleep times and lower sleep efficiency independently of OSA. These data suggest that reduced sleep time may contribute to the severity of hypertension.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it