Gas Emissions and Metallic Contents of Commonly Used Fuelwood in Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gas emissions levels of NO, NO2, SO2, CO, and CO2 from commonly used domestic fuel wood were investigated using Carbolite Muffler Furnace equipped with gas probes. Results after analysis showed gas levels in ppm in the range 0.1–29.6 for NO, 0.1–10.0 for NO2, 1.2–21.0 for SO2, 0–0.2 for CO, and 90–560 for CO2. Analysis of the resulting wood ash showed metal levels in gkg-1 in the range 2.16–10.37 for Ca, 0.29–1.58 for Mg, 1.04–3.53 for Zn, and 0.24–0.84 for Al. Compared to the recommended short term exposure limits, the observed gas levels of SO2 and NO2 indicate environmentally unfriendly nature of some of the commonly used domestic fuel wood and the possible risk of respiratory, pulmonary and carcinogenic diseases that could be associated with their regular usage. The wood ash composition suggests it could serve a friendly utilization as soil additive for agricultural purposes for soils whose compositions show deficiency of these metals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".