Differences in Incubation Period and Survival of Embryos among Brook Trout Strains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The incubation period and survival of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis embryos were compared among four genetically different strains: Temiscamie (Quebec), Assinica (Quebec), Horn Lake (Adirondack), and Little Tupper Lake (Adirondack). Eggs were fertilized and then incubated under cold (mean, 5.1°C) and warm (mean, 9.4°C) thermal regimes, and the accumulated degree-days and days to 100% hatch were recorded. Within all strains, embryos incubated under the warm thermal regime accumulated more degree-days to 100% hatch than embryos incubated under the cold regime. Degree-days to hatch differed between the two thermal regimes, ranging from 457 to 672 (P < 0.001). Mean degree-days to hatch also differed among strains (P < 0.001). Under the cold regime, Assinica strain embryos developed the fastest and hatched after the fewest degree-days (457), whereas Temiscamie strain embryos developed the slowest (549 degree-days). The two Adirondack strains developed at similar rates (Horn Lake, 486 degree-days; Little Tupper Lake, 490 degree-days). Under the warm regime, Assinica and Temiscamie strains developed the slowest (672 and 654 degree-days, respectively), whereas the Adirondack strains developed the fastest and at similar rates (Little Tupper Lake, 588 degree-days; Horn Lake, 593 degree-days). The Assinica strain embryos incubated in cold and warm thermal regimes showed identical times to 100% hatch (91 d). The other three strains hatched from 8.5 to 12.5 d sooner in the warm regime than in the cold regime. Survival among the four strains was lower at 9.4°C (40–57%) than at 5.1°C (60–73%; P < 0.001). The differences in incubation period were likely caused by genetic differences among strains because the groups of embryos were incubated in physically identical environments with a common water source. The similarity in embryonic development between the two Adirondack strains may reflect an important local geographical adaptation different from that of the Quebec strains, which originated from more northerly populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".