Time-dependent capability of human oocytes for activation and pronuclear formation during metaphase II arrest
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the fertilization rate and developmental potential of human oocytes in relation to the duration of their metaphase II (MII) arrest stage following the extrusion of the first polar body (1PB). METHODS: Immature metaphase I oocytes (MI; study oocytes, n = 468) that underwent meiotic maturation during brief in vitro culture and their matured in vivo, MII siblings (control oocytes, n = 3293) were subjected to ICSI. Fertilization and early cleavage were evaluated in both study and control groups. RESULTS: The overall fertilization rate was significantly lower in the oocytes matured in vitro than in those matured in vivo (42 versus 77%, P < 0.0001). A significant relationship was observed between oocyte activation potential and the length of MII arrest. The majority of study oocytes injected soon after PB extrusion remained unfertilized (64%; 98/154 oocytes). The proportion of normally activated oocytes that contained two pronuclei and two PBs gradually increased with prolonged time of MII arrest (43 and 61% at 2 and 3-6 h after 1PB extrusion). Significantly more embryos originating from the study than control oocytes were arrested soon after the first two cleavage divisions (39 and 17%; P < 0.0001) and exhibited multinucleated blastomeres (23 and 13%; P < 0.0001), which suggests the existence of chromosomal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Human oocytes progressively develop the ability for full activation and normal development during the MII arrest stage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it