Chronic nicotine <i>in utero</i> selectively suppresses hypoxic sensitivity in neonatal rat adrenal chromaffin cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nicotine in cigarette smoke has been linked to several deleterious side effects on the offspring of smoking mothers, including impaired development of the sympathoadrenal system, abnormal arousal reflexes, and sudden infant death syndrome. Catecholamine (CA) release from adrenomedullary chromaffin cells (AMCs) in response to asphyxial stressors, e.g., low O(2) (hypoxia) and elevated CO(2) (hypercapnia), is critical for adaptation to extrauterine life and occurs before splanchnic innervation. Here, we investigated the effects of prenatal nicotine bitartrate exposure on the ability of neonatal (P0) rat AMCs to respond appropriately to asphyxial stressors. Control AMCs isolated from pups born to saline-treated dams displayed typical responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, including inhibition of outward K(+) current, membrane depolarization, increased cytosolic calcium, and CA secretion. In contrast, P0 AMCs from pups born to nicotine-treated dams showed a marked suppression or loss of hypoxic sensitivity, although hypercapnic sensitivity and the expression of CO(2) markers (i.e., carbonic anhydrase I and II) appeared normal. Moreover, isolated saline-treated P0 AMCs lost their hypoxic sensitivity when grown in culture for approximately 1 wk in the presence of a subsaturating concentration of nicotine base (50 microM), and this effect was abolished by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker mecamylamine (100 microM). Taken together, these data suggest that the adverse effects of maternal smoking on sympathoadrenal function in the offspring are due in part to a loss or suppression of acute hypoxic sensitivity in adrenal chromaffin cells, triggered by the direct action of nicotine on endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".