Bidirectional Ring‐Opening and Ring‐Closing of Cationic 1,2‐Dithienylcyclopentene Molecular Switches Triggered with Light or Electricity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Either light or electricity can be used to trigger the reversible cyclization reactions of three bis( N ‐methylpyridinium)dithienylethene derivatives that differ from each other by the presence of either thiophene rings or methyl groups at the two carbon atoms of the photoresponsive hexatriene system involved in forming the new C–C bond. All three derivatives undergo ring‐closing isomerization reactions when irradiated with UV light (365 nm) or when electrochemically reduced (–1.0 V). All three derivatives can also be ring‐opened by irradiating them with visible light (> 490 nm) or by electrochemically oxidizing them (+1.5 V). The presence of additional thiophene rings attached to the two C2 ring positions of the dithienylethene (DTE) backbone enhances the electrochromic behavior, while methyl groups in these positions results in improved photochromic performance. The nature of these groups also greatly affects the thermal properties of the compounds in their ground states. Replacing each methyl group at the C2 ring positions with a thiophene ring systematically lowers the activation energy of spontaneous ring‐opening by 8 kJ mol –1 , which correlates with the enhanced efficiency of the oxidative ring‐opening reactions and with the limited photochromism of the thiophene‐functionalized derivative.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".