<i>In situ</i> diffusion test of hydrogen gas in the Opalinus Clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hydrogen gas was injected, together with helium and neon, into a borehole in the low-diffusivity Opalinus Clay rock. The hydrogen partial pressure was at most 60 mbar. A water production flow rate from the surrounding rock of c. 15 ml/day had been obtained previously, indicating that the test interval wall was presumably saturated with water. Helium and neon concentrations decreased as expected while taking into account dissolution and diffusion processes in the porewater. In contrast, the disappearance rate of hydrogen observed (2×10 −4 to 3×10 −4 mol/day/m 2 ) was c. 20 times larger than the calculated rate considering only dissolution and diffusion. The same rate was observed following a new hydrogen injection and over a six-month semi-continuous injection phase. Simultaneously, sulphate and iron concentrations decreased in the water, whereas sulphide became detectable. These evolutions may be due to biotic processes involving hydrogen oxidation, sulphate reduction and Fe(III) reduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".