A High Power Factor, Electrolytic Capacitor-Less AC-Input LED Driver Topology With High Frequency Pulsating Output Current
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Light emitting diode (LED) lamps with ac-input (50 or 60 Hz) usually require an electrolytic capacitor as the dc-link capacitor in the driver circuit to: 1) balance the energy between the input and output power, and 2) to minimize the low-frequency component of the output ripple across the LEDs. The lifetime of this capacitor, however, is much shorter than that of a LED. To maximize the potential lifetime of the LED lighting system, a new pulsating current driving LED driver that does not require any electrolytic capacitors or complicated control circuits to minimize the low-frequency (i.e., 100 or 120 Hz) output ripple is proposed in this paper. The proposed circuit is simple and a single-switch topology is designed to simplify the controller design. The proposed circuit is able to reduce the energy storage capacitance to a few microfarads range, so that film capacitor can be used to replace the unreliable electrolytic capacitor. The circuit operating principles and its theoretical analysis are provided in this paper. Simulation and experimental results are given on a 9-W LED lamp to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".