Muscle sympathetic nerve activity in women and men following acute myocardial infarction: a meaningful difference?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Awareness of an apparent excess of mortality in women, as compared with men, in the days subsequent to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) prompted Hogarth and colleagues to investigate whether there exist sex-related differences in the magnitude of post-infarct efferent sympathetic nerve discharge.1 In a remarkable technical tour de force, these investigators quantified the frequency of fibular nerve muscle sympathetic single- and multifibre discharge [muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA)]in a cohort of 72 carefully assembled Caucasian subjects, divided equally between women and men suffering an uncomplicated acute infarct, and well-matched healthy non-medicated female and male control subjects. Patients were screened by history and laboratory examination to exclude the potential confounding influence of known stimuli to sympathetic excitation or autonomic neuropathy. In study patients, MSNA and pre-specified haemodynamic and autonomic variables were acquired on four separate occasions: 2–4 days, and 3, 6, and 9 months after their AMI. Remarkably, complete microneurographic data were acquired over this time period from 35 of the 36 patients. Equally noteworthy is the investigators' success in their efforts to match patients and control subjects for age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking history, creatinine, and fasting glucose and lipids, to match male and female patients and their respective controls for blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and to minimize the effect of other potential confounding variables. The influence of endogenous oestrogen was effectively excluded by age, and that of exogenous oestrogen by subject selection. What did they find? In healthy control subjects, sympathetic burst incidence (quantified as the number of impulses per hundred cardiac cycles) was 37% higher in men than in women with similar systolic arterial pressure ( P <0.001). When studied 2–4 days after their AMI, sympathetic burst incidence was augmented significantly, relative to control subjects, in both males ( P <0.01) and … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 416 586 8704, Fax: +1 416 586 8702, Email: john.floras{at}utoronto.ca
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".