Боряк, Олена. <em>Баба-повитуха в культурно-історичній традиції українців: між профанним і сакральним</em>. [Boriak, Olena. <em>The Midwife in the Cultural and Historical Traditions of the Ukrainians: Between the Ordinary and the Sacred</em>.].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Olena Boriak is the one of those few scholars, whether in Ukraine or elsewhere, who seek to make a significant contribution to the study of those Ukrainian rituals, customs, and traditions related to childbirth.The midwife and her practice were described in detail by the so-called "fathers" of Ukrainian ethnography, the scholars of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Childbirth customs and rituals also received substantial attention at that time.However, in recent Ukrainian scholarship these have not been popular topics, unlike in the West.Although giving birth was and is considered an essential part of the life of a Ukrainian woman, researchers do not explore childbirth as extensively as other life and family cycle events.There were many reasons for this, including the fact that childbirth is not a social occasion like a wedding or a funeral; birth takes place in more private circumstances and might be considered more a matter of biology than of ritual.But lack of scholarly attention should not imply that childbirth is unimportant and it should not conceal the significance of the midwife to Ukrainian society.The midwife was not just the recognized expert on the subject of birth but, as Boriak states, she was also the mediator between the living and dead, between this life and the afterlife, between the sacred and the profane.To give the midwife her due, Boriak draws on an exhaustive reading of published ethnographic material, complemented with more recent works on midwifery and childbirth.She summarizes previous studies and extends them by adding her own findings and interpretations.She draws not only on published sources but also on an impressive amount of fieldwork.Interviews were conducted in more than one hundred forty villages in eleven of the main ethnographic regions of Ukraine.The field data was collected by Boriak and by other researchers including N. Havryliuk, L. Artiukh, A. Artiukh, T. Zubryts'ka, and M. Mayerchyk.The author emphasizes the significance of fieldwork for her research, stating that, between the years 2000 and 2009 she interviewed approximately 330 respondents, most 80 years old and older.Boriak also
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".