Kinetics of Corrosion Layer Formation. Part 2—Iron Sulfide and Mixed Iron Sulfide/Carbonate Layers in Carbon Dioxide/Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glass cell experiments were conducted to investigate kinetics of iron sulfide and mixed iron sulfide/carbonate layer formation in carbon dioxide/hydrogen sulfide (CO2/H2S) corrosion of mild steel using the weight change method. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), x-ray diffraction methodology (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the layer. The experimental results show that mackinawite is the predominant type of iron sulfide layer formed in short exposures in pure H2S solutions. The type of layer formed in a CO2/H2S solution depends on the competitive mechanism of iron carbonate and mackinawite formation. At high H2S concentration and low dissolved iron carbonate supersaturations, mackinawite was the predominant component in the layer; at low H2S concentration and iron carbonate supersaturations, both iron carbonate and mackinawite may form on the steel surface. It was also found that the corrosion rate of mild steel in H2S corrosion is affected by H2S concentration, temperature, velocity, and the protectiveness of the layer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it