Further Studies of the Photometric Variability of Bright Pulsating Red Giants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long-term photoelectric V photometry of 13 pulsating red giants (TV Psc, EG And, RZ Ari, η Gem, V614 Mon, RS Cnc, VY UMa, FS Com, SW Vir, R Lyr, EU Del, V1070 Cyg, and W Cyg) from a robotic telescope (APT) and from the photoelectric photometry program of the American Association of Variable Star Observers has been merged to form data sets that are significantly longer and denser than the subsets, and have been analyzed using Fourier and self-correlation techniques. Improved values of the pulsation periods, and especially of the enigmatic long secondary periods (LSPs), have been determined. Most of the stars also show very slow, small variations in amplitude and mean magnitude on timescales of thousands of days. The amplitude variability has also been studied, using both least-squares and wavelet analysis; the dominant amplitude variability is on a timescale of years. The period of EU Del shows neither long-term secular changes nor random cycle-to-cycle fluctuations. APT VRI photometry for 16 stars has been analyzed: for both the pulsation periods and for the long secondary periods (with one notable exception—EG And), the amplitude decreases with increasing wavelength.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".