Fritz Umbach . The Last Neighborhood Cops: The Rise and Fall of Community Policing in New York Public Housing . (Critical Issues in Crime and Society.) New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 2011. Pp. x, 233. $39.95.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In its 1968 report, the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (the “Kerner Commission”) highlighted the difficult relations between African Americans and the police. The Kerner Commission echoed charges that the police frequently brutalized African Americans, particularly young criminal suspects, and many critics accused the police of being occupiers of a restive ghetto colony. Even during this turbulent period, however, a majority of African Americans continued to express their faith in the police in public opinion surveys, although opinions varied based on the respondent's age. This should have surprised no one, because poor African Americans were more likely to be the victims of crime (unfortunately perpetrated by their neighbors) than any other group in American society. This is an insight that escaped most commentators at the time and most historians since. Fritz Umbach's book is therefore a welcome correction that engages many more topics than its narrow subtitle suggests, including the history of public housing, the war on poverty, civil rights, and the “procedural rights” revolution of the 1960s. Based on careful archival research into the New York City Housing Authority police department archives and interviews with both former officers and residents, Umbach's book provides a bottom‐up view of residents' interactions with police.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".