Cryptic characteristics distinguish diploid and triploid varieties of <i>Pteris fauriei</i> (Pteridaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are two varieties of Pteris fauriei Hieron. in Taiwan: P. fauriei var. fauriei and P. fauriei var. minor Hieron. Their mature sporophytes are virtually indistinguishable based on gross morphology. To better understand these two varieties and the differences between them, and to determine whether they are based on different ploidies, we examined and compared the sporophytes and gametophytes of both varieties in detail. Each variety exhibited distinct, constant cryptic characteristics and cytotype. Based on the diameter of spores from type specimens, we confirmed that P. fauriei var. minor is diploid and that P. fauriei var. fauriei is triploid. Diploid sporophytes produced 64-spore sporangia. Their haploid gametophytes produced archegonia and antheridia containing 64 sperm each. Gametophytes cultured for 10 weeks formed sexual sporophytes, the first fronds of which lacked midribs. Triploid sporophytes produced 32-spore sporangia. Triploid spores were significantly larger in diameter than haploid spores. Triploid gametophytes did not produce archegonia but did produce 32-sperm antheridia, which were significantly larger in diameter than antheridia produced by haploid gametophytes. The life span of triploid gametophytes was 4 weeks shorter than that of haploid gametophytes. After 6 weeks in culture, apomictic triploid sporophytes arose directly from gametophyte cells. Each of their first fronds had three pinnae and a midrib. These data are useful for delimiting P. fauriei var. fauriei and P. fauriei var. minor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".