Recurrent cardiovascular events in contemporary cardiology: obesity patients should not rest in PEACE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a global epidemic and is associated with numerous co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, certain cancers, and sleep apnoea. In fact, obesity is an independent risk factor for CVD, but the estimated years of life lost due to obesity may differ among races and gender.1 Overweight and obesity are classically classified using the body mass index (BMI). BMI (weight in kg/height2 in meters) is frequently used as a surrogate measure of fatness in adults. Overweight is being defined as a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, whereas obesity is defined as a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2.1 Domanski et al .,2 reported a post hoc analysis from the PEACE trial. The PEACE trial is considered as one of the landmark studies evaluating the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD).3–5 The investigators explored the association between obesity and major adverse coronary events (MACE) defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or stroke. The authors show that, in a large cohort of non-diabetic patients ( n =7864) with established CAD, independently of traditional risk factors, BMI, was associated with MACE in men but not in women. The relation between categories of BMI (underweight to morbid obesity) and MACE depicted a J-shaped curve, whereas no BMI category was associated with an increased risk of MACE in women. Overweight and obesity have risen dramatically worldwide, resulting in a marked increase in the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including central adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and a proinflammatory state. This syndrome maybe viewed as ‘at … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 418 656 4767; fax: +1 418 656 4562. E-mail address : paul.poirier{at}crhl.ulaval.ca
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".