Effects of piscivory on the fatty acid profiles and antioxidants of avian yolk: studies on eggs of the gannet, skua, pelican and cormorant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Piscivorous birds consume diets which are rich in highly‐polyunsaturated n‐3 fatty acids; these play vital roles in embryonic development but are very susceptible to oxidative damage. The effects of such diets on the fatty acid composition and antioxidant content of the yolk were investigated in the northern gannet Morus bassanus , the great skua Catharacta skua , the American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos and the double‐crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus . The phospholipid fraction of the eggs of these four species contained high proportions of the n‐3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, which formed 7.5–11.3% (w/w) of the fatty acids of this fraction. The presence of eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids also contributed to the total n‐3 content of the phospholipid. The n‐6 polyunsaturate, arachidonic acid, formed between 8% and 19% (w/w) of the phospholipid fatty acids. For the pelican and cormorant, this is consistent with the consumption of freshwater fishes in which arachidonic acid may be a significant acyl constituent. This finding is, however, more difficult to explain for the gannet and skua which largely consume marine fish with a low arachidonic acid content. The yolks of all four species contained relatively high concentrations of vitamin E (90.2–302.3 μg g −1 wet yolk) which was mainly present as α‐tocopherol. The eggs of the pelican and cormorant were especially enriched in carotenoids (150.9 and 115.7 μg g −1 wet yolk, respectively).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".