Cu[sub x]Co[sub 3−x]O[sub 4] Used as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Composite film electrodes containing mechanically mixed or particles, carbon-black Vulcan XC-72R, and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) were formed on the glassy carbon disk surface of a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) and studied for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in -saturated solution. The highest current densities were observed with and they increased with the oxide content in the film, hence clearly demonstrating the excellent intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of for this reaction. The results also showed that is a better electrocatalyst than with higher current densities and a greater number of electrons exchanged per molecule. It was found that the copper–cobalt spinel oxide component favors a total of in the oxygen reduction process. At the -based composite electrode, direct reduction of into ions (rate constant ) and the peroxide pathway (formation of ions and their reduction into ions, rate constants and ) are proceeding in parallel, with a ratio that increases with the overpotential when the oxide content is greater than 23.5%. At the -based composite electrode, is very weak with a ratio that decreases rapidly with the overpotential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".