Changes in basal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity during exercise training are centrally mediated
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of exercise training on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function are unclear. We investigated whether pituitary-adrenal adaptation during exercise training is mediated by changes in neuropeptide and corticosteroid receptor gene expression in the brain and pituitary. Sprague-Dawley rats were subject to either daily swimming (DS) or sham exercise (SE) for 45 min/day, 5 days/week, for 2 (2W), 4 (4W), or 6 wk (6W) (n = 7-10/group). Corticosterone (Cort) and catecholamine responses during swimming were robust at 6W compared with 2W and 4W, indicating that HPA response to exercise during training is not attenuated when absolute intensity is progressively increased. In DS, basal (morning) plasma ACTH and Cort levels increased from 2W to 4W but plateaued at 6W, whereas in SE, they increased from 4W to 6W, with 6W values higher than in DS. In DS, there was a transient decrease in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and pituitary and a transient increase in corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA. In contrast, hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA and PVN GR mRNA decreased from 4W to 6W in SE, with 6W values lower than in DS. These findings suggest that exercise training prevents an elevation in basal pituitary-adrenal activity potentially via transient alterations in the gene transcription of PVN and pituitary GR as well as CRH to suppress central drive to the HPA axis. In contrast, the increase in basal pituitary-adrenal activity with repeated sham exercise appears to be associated with decreases in hippocampal MR and PVN GR mRNA expression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".