Chemotactic and chemokinetic properties of topical ophthalmic preparations
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Chronic ocular inflammation can be due to a disease process or to iatrogenic factors that attract inflammatory cells to the anterior chamber. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of commonly used ophthalmic preparations on leukocyte migration. METHODS: A modified multi-well Boyden chamber was used to study the chemotactic and chemokinetic effects of 33 commercial ophthalmic preparations. To determine whether the chemotactic effect was a property of the commercial ophthalmic preparation or other chemicals present in the products, experiments were also done with some common preservatives and excipients. RESULTS: Of the drugs, 14 (42.4%) showed chemokinetic and/or chemotactic activity and 19 (57.6%) had either no effect or decreased neutrophil migration. Of the preservatives and excipients, 5 (62.5%) were found to be chemotactic. Eleven of 14 chemotactic drugs (78.6%) and 8 of 19 non-chemotactic drugs (42.1%) were positive for at least one chemotactic excipient. The correlation between chemotactic ophthalmic preparations and the presence of a chemotactic excipient in their composition was significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chemotactic activity was commonly found in commercial ophthalmic preparation. Furthermore, the presence of certain chemotactic preservatives and/or excipients was a contributing factor enhancing this property. Avoiding known chemotactic compounds or adjusting the intervals of the treatment may help to eliminate this iatrogenic component of the inflammatory process especially in patients with chronic ocular inflammation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it