Low Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> in Patients on Admission to an Amputation Rehabilitation Unit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of low vitamin B12 (VB12) in patients on admission to an amputation rehabilitation unit and identify specific populations at risk. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 127 participants comprising patients with major lower limb amputations admitted to a regional amputation rehabilitation program between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic data, amputation data, medication history, serum VB12 levels, and other related blood work. A literature-based cutoff of VB12 <260 pmol/L was used as the criterion for low VB12. RESULTS: The prevalence of low VB12 was 59.8%. Patients aged ≥55 years were found to have an increased prevalence of low VB12 (P = .05). Serum VB12 levels were significantly lower among patients aged ≥55 years (P < .05) and among patients with a mean corpuscular volume >97 fL (P < .01). No other differences in prevalence were determined among different demographics, etiologies, or comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an amputation have a high prevalence of low VB12 levels compared with the general population. Low VB12 status may impact rehabilitation outcomes through anemia, cognitive decline, and neuropathy. No reliable indicators for which patients should be screened were found, and therefore, a universal approach to screening and treatment is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.043 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".