Oxygen Reduction Reaction Using MnO<sub>2</sub>Nanotubes/Nitrogen-Doped Exfoliated Graphene Hybrid Catalyst for Li-O<sub>2</sub>Battery Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped thermally exfoliated graphene (NExG) synthesized by a simple one-step method combined with α-MnO2 nanotubes (NT) is employed as air cathode materials for lithium oxygen (Li-O2) battery applications. α-MnO2 NT/NExG composite is shown to demonstrate excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in an aprotic non-aqueous electrolyte Li-O2 cell resulting in 2.92 V at the current density of 100 mA g−1, discharge current density of 7.2 A g−1 at 2.2 V, and the maximum power density of 15.8 W g−1 based on carbon mass. This excellent performance of the composite suggests that not only α-MnO2 NT exhibits a remarkable catalytic activity for ORR, but also NExG with a large surface area and high electrical conductivity is capable of catalyzing ORR, demonstrating an outstanding hybrid effect in an aprotic non-aqueous electrolyte Li-O2 cell.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".