Reproductive behavior of the wild carrots <i>Daucus pusillus</i> and <i>Daucus montanus</i> from Argentina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diploid Daucus pusillus Michx. (x = 11) and hexaploid Daucus montanus Humb. et Bonpl. ex Schult. (x = 11) are wild taxonomic carrot species, closely related to diploid Daucus carota L. (x = 9), spontaneous in Argentina. For efficient ex situ conservation and potential use in breeding, we investigated their reproductive behavior by (i) carrying out controlled pollinations among D. pusillus accessions from a wide distribution area in the country and between these and one plant of D. montanus that overlapped in flowering, and (ii) bagging a few inflorescences to prevent outcrossings. Part of the pollinated pistils were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy; others were left on the plant. Pollen viability was high (>87%) in all accessions, but heterogeneity for size and shape was observed. Seed formation in bagged inflorescences confirmed that D. pusillus is autogamous and revealed that D. montanus is self-compatible. Fully developed mericarps were obtained only in intraspecific combinations. It is concluded that populations classified as the taxonomic species D. pusillus constitute a biological species as well, and that they are closely related to the taxonomic species D. montanus because they share the basic chromosome number and are reproductively isolated mainly by post-zygotic barriers, which could be eventually circumvented via 2n gametes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".