Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Polarity and monopolarity are properties of graphs defined in terms of the existence of certain vertex partitions; graphs with polarity and monopolarity are respectively called polar and monopolar graphs. These two properties commonly generalize bipartite and split graphs, but are hard to recognize in general. In this article we identify two classes of graphs, triangle‐free graphs and claw‐free graphs, restricting to which provide novel impact on the complexity of the recognition problems. More precisely, we prove that recognizing polarity or monopolarity remains NP‐complete for triangle‐free graphs. We also show that for claw‐free graphs the former is NP‐complete and the latter is polynomial time solvable. This is in sharp contrast to a recent result that both polarity and monopolarity can be recognized in linear time for line graphs. Our proofs for the NP‐completeness are simple reductions. The polynomial time algorithm for recognizing the monopolarity of claw‐free graphs uses a subroutine similar to the well‐known breadth‐first search algorithm and is based on a new structural characterization of monopolar claw‐free graphs, a generalization of one for monopolar line graphs obtained earlier.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".