Near‐infrared spectroscopy (<scp>NIRS</scp>) predicts non‐structural carbohydrate concentrations in different tissue types of a broad range of tree species
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary The allocation of non‐structural carbohydrates ( NSC s) to reserves constitutes an important physiological mechanism associated with tree growth and survival. However, procedures for measuring NSC in plant tissue are expensive and time‐consuming. Near‐infrared spectroscopy ( NIRS ) is a high‐throughput technology that has the potential to infer the concentration of organic constituents for a large number of samples in a rapid and inexpensive way based on empirical calibrations with chemical analysis. The main objectives of this study were (i) to develop a general NSC concentration calibration that integrates various forms of variation such as tree species and tissue types and (ii) to identify characteristic spectral regions associated with NSC molecules. In total, 180 samples from different tree organs (root, stem, branch, leaf) belonging to 73 tree species from tropical and temperate biomes were analysed. Statistical relationships between NSC concentration and NIRS spectra were assessed using partial least squares regression ( PLSR ) and a variable selection procedure (competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, CARS ), in order to identify key wavelengths. Parsimonious and accurate calibration models were obtained for total NSC ( r 2 of 0·91, RMSE of 1·34% in external validation), followed by starch ( r 2 = 0·85 and RMSE = 1·20%) and sugars ( r 2 = 0·82 and RMSE = 1·10%). Key wavelengths coincided among these models and were mainly located in the 1740–1800, 2100–2300 and 2410–2490 nm spectral regions. This study demonstrates the ability of general calibration model to infer NSC concentrations across species and tissue types in a rapid and cost‐effective way. The estimation of NSC in plants using NIRS therefore serves as a tool for functional biodiversity research, in particular for the study of the growth–survival trade‐off and its implications in response to changing environmental conditions, including growth limitation and mortality.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it