Rheological properties of fine-grained sediment: the roles of texture and mineralogy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rheological properties of fine-grained sediments depending on index properties and salinity were examined. To characterize flow behaviors as a function of soil type, groups were made for convenience: (i) low-activity clays (group 1), (ii) high-activity clays (group 2), and (iii) silt-rich soils (especially for iron tailings; group 3). Low-activity and high-activity clays have characteristics of pseudoplastic (shear thinning) fluids, and exhibit a decrease in viscosity with increasing shear rate. However, in terms of the change in soil structure due to particle–particle interactions, illitic and montmorillonitic clays have opposite responses to salinity. As most of our data were obtained on low-activity clays — mostly illitic mixtures — we implemented a test program to ascertain the influence of montmorillonite on flow behavior. Using the Bingham model, a simple relationship is presented in terms of the possible critical limits of rheological transitions from clay- to silt- to sand-rich soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".