Characterization and Prevalence of MefA, MefE, and the Associated <i>msr</i> (D) Gene in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Clinical Isolates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent work has shown that the efflux genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae that are responsible for acquired macrolide resistance can be distinguished as either mef(E) or mef(A). The genetic elements on which mef(A) and mef(E) are found also carry an open reading frame (ORF) that is 56% homologous to msr(A) in Staphylococcus. The prevalence of mef(A/E) and of the msr-like ORF [msr(D)] was evaluated in 153 mef(+) S. pneumoniae clinical isolates collected in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia from 1997 to 2002. Clinical isolates were screened with PCR primers specific for either mef(A) or mef(E) and for msr(D). mef(A), mef(E), and msr(D) were cloned from mef(+) strains and transformed into a susceptible, competent strain of S. pneumoniae. The transformants were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities and efflux pump induction. The results of this work demonstrated that mef(A) is more often isolated in parts of Europe, with some incidence in Canada, and that the msr-like gene alone can confer the efflux phenotype.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".