Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soils around Dall Quarry in Sango Area, Ilorin, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lateritic soils at the DALL Quarry in Ilorin metropolis (Sango area), southwestern Nigeria were investigated with respect to their geotechnical properties and their suitability as construction materials. The two samples collected fall within the basement complex and they overly the migmatite-gneiss complex rocks. The grain size analysis shows that soil sample ADET 1 is silt-clayey, very gravelly sand while sample ADET 2 is gravelly, silt-clayey sand. Atterberg consistency limit test shows that ADET 1 has 40% liquid limit, 18.2% plastic limit, 21.8% plasticity index, 7.4% shrinkage limit and an activity of 0.95 (normal clay). ADET 2 has 46% liquid limit, 23.5% plastic limit, 22.5% plasticity index, 8.2% shrinkage limit and an activity of 0.63. The soil samples are above the activity (A) line in the zone of intermediate plasticity (CL) which means that they are inorganic soils. The samples contain inactive clay suggesting little or no swelling tendency and therefore good for construction material and this would prohibit foundation failure during foundation settlement. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values are 1-4 % (average = 2.5%) and 3-5% (average = 4%) in ADET 1 and ADET 2 respectively which means that they are good as sub-grade construction materials. The cohesion ranges from 60-100Kpa (average = 75%) and the angle of internal friction ranges from 31o- 35o with an average of 33o. The geotechnical analyses results show that the soils have high bearing capacity with little or no volume change and therefore can be used as construction materials in engineering works. Thus, the soil could support shallow foundation, dam construction, homogeneous embankments, slope stability and sub-grade materials in road constructions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".