Test-retest reliability of the sport concussion assessment tool 2 (SCAT2) for uninjured children and young adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To establish test-retest reliability of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) in healthy elementary school children and young adults. Design Repeated-measures design. Setting Elementary Schools in the Montreal area (children) and McGill University Athletics Department (adults). Participants Twenty-two children (14 females and eight males; mean age 10.3±0.5 years) and 73 young adults (42 female, 31 males; mean age 22.6±1.8 years) from University students participated in this study. Intervention None. Main Outcome Measurements Participants were tested using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-2 (SCAT2) on two occasions, 1-week apart (6.4±2.7 days). The SCAT2 measures several domains of functioning such as delayed memory, balance and post-concussion symptoms. Test-retest reliability was assessed for the total SCAT2 score as well as for the SCAT2 components separately. Results Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for the total SCAT2 score were only fair for both groups of participants (ICC=0.367 for young adults and 0.446 for children). The ICCs were also below 0.5 for individual components of the SCAT2 in young adults. In children, individual components yielded better reliability than the total score (Balance ICC=0.725; SAC ICC=0.523; symptom severity ICC=0.488). Conclusions The results indicate that in view of the low levels of test-retest reliability achieved for the total SCAT2 score, professionals should be cautious when using change in score over time for clinical decisions. Recommending the use of the SCAT2 as a standard of care to diagnose a concussion or to ascertain recovery from one may be premature at this time. Acknowledgments Participants and their families, The Priory School, Gardenview Elementary School for allowing testing within their institutions, Fonds de recherche du Québec-Santé, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy McGill University. Competing interests None.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".