Stabilizing Effect of Metal Carboxylates of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Oil (BSO) on Poly(vinyl chloride)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermal stabilization studies of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in the presence of lead, cadmium, barium, calcium and zinc carboxylates of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil (BSO) were carried out in air and under nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range 170-190 ºC. The stabilizing effects of the metal carboxylates were assessed by measurements of the time for degradation to attain 1% conversion, tDH and the corresponding rate of degradation, RDH. Kinetic parameters determined under nitrogen were higher than those determined in air indicating that PVC degraded less in air within the temperature range employed. All metal carboxylates stabilized PVC under the conditions employed for the study and showed a relative order of stabilization of Cd-BSO > Ba-BSO > Pb-BSO > Ca-BSO > Zn-BSO. At higher temperature (190 ºC) deleterious effect of Zn-BSO manifested after prolonged heating. This is corroborated by data obtained from measurements of intrinsic viscosity of degraded PVC samples and thermogravimetric analysis. Synergistic effect was not exhibited by the compositions of binary mixtures of Ca/Zn carboxylates investigated while Ba/Cd carboxylates at 1: 9 ratio exhibited synergistic effect on PVC stabilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".